CVE-2026-87822
t-digest 3.1 through 3.3 Denial of Service via NaN Centroid Means in MergingDigest.fromBytes
CVSS Score
7.5
EPSS Score
0.0%
EPSS Percentile
0th
t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations.
| CWE | CWE-407 |
| Vendor | tdunning |
| Product | t-digest |
| Published | Sep 9, 2026 |
| Last Updated | Sep 10, 2026 |
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CVSS v3 Breakdown
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Affected Versions
tdunning / t-digest
3.1 ≤ 3.3
References
github.com: https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/issues/229 github.com: https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/MergingDigest.java github.com: https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/Sort.java github.com: https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest vulncheck.com: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1-through-3.3-denial-of-service-via-nan-centroid-means-in-mergingdigest-frombytes
Credits
Yu Bao, PayPal Cyber Security Team