CVE-2026-102277
brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
CVSS Score
5.3
EPSS Score
0.0%
EPSS Percentile
0th
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.
| CWE | CWE-400 CWE-407 |
| Vendor | juliangruber |
| Product | brace-expansion |
| Published | Sep 28, 2026 |
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CVSS v3 Breakdown
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low
Affected Versions
juliangruber / brace-expansion
>= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12 >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9 >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7 < 1.1.21
References
github.com: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr github.com: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96 github.com: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22 github.com: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364 github.com: https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e